Expertise In Creative Writing IELTS Listening

Expertise in Creative Writing

You will hear a psychology undergraduate describing the research she is currently doing on expertise in creative writing.

Complete the flow chart below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Background – researcher had previously studied
Had initial idea for research – inspired by a book (the of a famous novelist).
Posed initial question – why do some people become experts whilst others don’t?
Read expertise research in different fields.
Avoided studies conducted in a because too controlled.
Most helpful studies – research into e.g., waiting tables.
Found participants: four true in creative writing (easy to find) and four with extensive experience.
Using ‘think aloud’ techniques, gathered data from inexperienced writer.
(During session – assistant made recordings).
Gathered similar data from experienced writers.
Compared two data sets and generated a for analysis.
(Identified five major stages in writing will be refined later).
Got an expert to evaluate the quality of the different products.
Identified the most effective of stages in producing text.

Questions Attempted

Test Results

Question	Your Answer	Correct Answer	Result

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Solved Answers & Explanation

Question 1: Answer is English literature

Relevant Line: “Before I started my current degree course in cognitive psychology, I studied English literature.”

Analysis: The researcher had studied English literature, which influenced her interest in creative writing, making “English literature” the correct answer.

Question 2: Answer is autobiography

Relevant Line: “The idea for this research project came from a very specific source – I became fascinated with the idea of what makes an expert creative writer when I read a well-known twentieth-century writer’s autobiography.”

Analysis: The research idea was inspired by an autobiography, making “autobiography” the correct answer.

Question 3: Answer is lab

Relevant Line: “I began to see a pattern – that those studies which involved research in a lab were too controlled for my purposes.”

Analysis: The researcher avoided studies conducted in a lab due to excessive control, making “lab” the correct answer.

Question 4: Answer is practical skills

Relevant Line: “The clearest guidance for my topic came from investigations into what I call ‘practical skills’ such as hairdressing or waiting tables.”

Analysis: The researcher found studies on practical skills useful, making “practical skills” the correct answer.

Question 5: Answer is novices

Relevant Line: “I looked for four people whom I regarded as real novices in this field – which proved easy … perhaps unsurprisingly.”

Analysis: The researcher found it easy to locate novices, making “novices” the correct answer.

Question 6: Answer is experimental

Relevant Line: “I asked the first four to do a set writing task and as they wrote, to talk into a tape-recorder … this was in order to get experimental data.”

Analysis: The researcher gathered experimental data using a ‘think aloud’ technique, making “experimental” the correct answer.

Question 7: Answer is video

Relevant Line: “Whilst they were doing this, a research assistant recorded them using video.”

Analysis: Video recordings were made during the session, making “video” the correct answer.

Question 8: Answer is framework

Relevant Line: “I then asked four experienced writers to do exactly the same task … This helped me to produce a framework for analysis.”

Analysis: The data comparison helped create a framework for analysis, making “framework” the correct answer.

Question 9: Answer is editor

Relevant Line: “So I asked an editor, an expert in reviewing creative writing, to decide which were the best pieces of writing.”

Analysis: An editor was used to evaluate the quality of the work, making “editor” the correct answer.

Question 10: Answer is sequence

Relevant Line: “Using his evaluations, I was then able to work out which sequence of the five stages seemed to lead to the best quality writing.”

Analysis: The sequence of stages was identified as crucial for quality writing, making “sequence” the correct answer.