Under: Listening

Self-Regulatory Focus Theory | IELTS Listening + Answers

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Difficulty Level: Easy

Self-regulatory focus theory and leadership

Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

People’s focus is to approach pleasure or avoid pain.

Promotion goals focus on

Prevention goals emphasise avoiding punishment.

The Chronic Factor: Comes from one’s

The Factor:

We are more likely to focus on promotion goals when with a friend.

We are more likely to focus on promotion goals when with a

Promotion Focus: People think about an ideal version of themselves, their and their gains.

Prevention Focus: People think about their ‘ought’ self and their obligations.

Leadership behaviour and affect people’s focus.

Transformational Leaders:

Pay special attention to the of their followers.

Passionately communicate a clear .

Inspire promotion focus in followers.

Transactional Leaders:

Create to make expectations clear.

Emphasise the results of a mistake.

Inspire prevention focus in followers.

Conclusion:

Promotion Focus is good for jobs requiring .

Prevention Focus is good for work such as a surgeon.

Leaders’ actions affect which focus people use.

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Solved Answers & Explanation

Question 1: Answer is achievement

Relevant Line: “Promotion goals in different life situations emphasise achievement.”

Analysis: Promotion goals focus on achievement, making “achievement” the correct answer.

Question 2: Answer is personality

Relevant Line: “This factor is connected to a person’s personality and says that each person has a basic tendency to focus more on promotion or prevention goals.”

Analysis: The chronic factor comes from one’s personality, making “personality” the correct answer.

Question 3: Answer is situational

Relevant Line: “Second, there is a situational factor which means the context we are in can make us more likely to focus on one set of goals or the other.”

Analysis: The situational factor affects people’s focus, making “situational” the correct answer.

Question 4: Answer is friend

Relevant Line: “We are more likely to be thinking about pleasure and to have promotion goals when we are spending time with a friend.”

Analysis: Spending time with a friend leads to a focus on promotion goals, making “friend” the correct answer.

Question 5: Answer is aspirations

Relevant Line: “When focusing on promotion goals, people consider their ideal self, their aspirations, and gains.”

Analysis: Promotion focus includes thinking about aspirations, making “aspirations” the correct answer.

Question 6: Answer is style

Relevant Line: “Now that I have talked about the two focuses and how they affect people, I want to look at the idea that the way leaders behave, or their style of leading, can affect the focus.”

Analysis: Leadership style affects people’s focus, making “style” the correct answer.

Question 7: Answer is development

Relevant Line: “Transformational leaders, when interacting with their followers, focus on their development.”

Analysis: Transformational leaders pay special attention to the development of their followers, making “development” the correct answer.

Question 8: Answer is vision

Relevant Line: “Their speech is passionate and conveys a definitive vision.”

Analysis: Transformational leaders communicate a clear vision, making “vision” the correct answer.

Question 9: Answer is structures

Relevant Line: “Transactional leaders focus on developing clear structures that tell their followers exactly what is expected of them.”

Analysis: Transactional leaders create structures to clarify expectations, making “structures” the correct answer.

Question 10: Answer is innovation

Relevant Line: “Promotion focus is good for jobs requiring innovation.”

Analysis: Promotion focus is suitable for innovation-driven jobs, making “innovation” the correct answer.

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